Free Download BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS by Steven M. Colegate and Russell .J. Molyneux

BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS by Steven M. Colegate and Russell .J. Molyneux

In the context of this book, and its predecessor, bioactive natural products are those chemical compounds produced by living organisms that exert a biological effect on other organisms. This includes therapeutic activity for diseases of humans and animals, toxic activity responsible for causing human and animal disease, and selective, biodegradable toxicity to help combat pests that may adversely affect our endeavors to feed and otherwise service (e.g., protect cotton crops or plantations of timber used for construction, etc.) the human population. In some cases, these bioactive natural products are secondary metabolites produced by the organism to help protect itself within its own environmental niche. In other cases, the compounds may be integral to the everyday existence of the organism but have serendipitous activity in unrelated biological systems. This latter scenario is exemplifi ed by the search for novel bioactive applications for components of our food, for example, milk and egg-derived proteins. Several of the contributors to this book have commented on the vast potential offered by natural resources for discovery and development of new therapeutics. They have also commented on the dwindling of such resources in response to the expanding human population and its subsequent demands for food and increasing areas of land on which to live. The extinction of plant and animal species, as mankind encroaches on natural habitats, represents lost and irreplaceable resources, the full potential of which is unpredictable. In the same way, the infl uence of mankind on aquatic environments parallels that on the terrestrial habitats, with consequently similar concerns for loss of species yet to be investigated or even discovered. The loss of indigenous cultures, as other cultures become infl uential in an almost cancerous manner, is resulting in the loss of a fount of empirical ethnobotanical knowledge that has been acquired over the course of thousands of years. Indeed, several chapters in this book describe a heavy dependence on ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information.

Read More

Free Download Immunology by Doan T, et al

Immunology by Doan T, et al

They are composed of single cells or particles, and as such, their need to distinguish themselves is seemingly simple. Their single cell or particle is “I,” and all else is “them.” They need to sense which of “them” is appropriate to mate with or perhaps to congregate with, but otherwise their version of self is limited by their own membrane. Multicellular organisms faced a new problem as they evolved. They gave up some of their independence to reap the advantages of being part of a greater whole—an organism composed of multiple semi-independent units. Initially, any such unit was pretty much like every other one within the greater structure, so extending the concept of self to include others that were essentially identical was perhaps a relatively small leap. “I” became “us” but only as multiples of “I.” As organisms became more complex and the different cells within a single organism began to engage in a division of labor, they generated an array of cells with different forms and functions.

Read More

Free Download Biochemistry for dummies for dummies by Moore T.J, et al

Biochemistry for dummies for dummies by Moore T.J, et al

Biochemistry For Dummies is an overview of the material covered in a typical college-level biochemistry course. We have made every attempt to keep the material as current as possible, but the field is changing ever so quickly. The basics, however, stay the same, and that is where we concentrate our efforts. We also include information on some of the applications of biochemistry that you read about in your everyday life, such as forensics, cloning, gene therapy, genetic testing, genetically modified foods, and so on. As you flip through this book you will see a lot of chemical structures and reactions. Much of the biochemistry revolves around knowing the structures of the molecules involved in biochemical reactions. If you are in a biochemistry course, you probably have had at least one semester of organic chemistry. You will recognize many of the structures, or at least the functional groups, from your study of organic chem. You will see many of those mechanisms that you loved/hated here in biochemistry.

Read More

Free Download Principles of Biostatistics by Marcello Pagano

Principles of Biostatistics by Marcello Pagano

Principles of Biostatistic is aimed at students in the biological and health sciences who wish to learn modern research methods. It is based on a required course offered at the Harvard School of Public. Health. In addition tohese graduate students, a large number of health professionals from the Harvard medical area attend as well.

Read More

Free Download Biostatistics Decoded 2013 by John Wiley and Sons

Biostatistics Decoded 2013 by John Wiley and Sons

 Biostatistics is a science that allows us to make abstractions from instantiated facts, therefore helping us to improve our knowledge and understanding of the real world. Most people are aware that biostatistics is concerned with the development of methods and of analytical techniques that are applied to establish facts, such as the proportion of individuals in the general population who have a particular disease. The majority of people are probably also aware that another important application of biostatistics is the identification of relationships between facts, for example, between some characteristic of individuals and the occurrence of disease. Consequently, biostatistics allows us to establish the facts and the relationships among them, that is, the basic building blocks of knowledge. Therefore, it can be said that it is generally recognized that biostatistics plays an important role in increasing our knowledge of medical science, and health professionals in their routine clinical practice make extensive use of statistical information to reason about patients. When considering the likelihood of a given disease, clinicians need to have a lot of information about the clinical picture, diagnostic methods, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of that particular disease. More specifically, physicians use statistical information like the proportion of people in the general population who have that disease (the disease prevalence) or the annual rate of disease episodes (the incidence), the frequency of symptoms and physical signs in that disease (the clinical picture), the proportion of patients that have abnormalities in selected diagnostic tests (the test sensitivity), and the accuracy of each diagnostic test (the test specificity). However, clinical practice is not just involved in understanding the cause of the patients’ complaints. Clinical practice is largely involved in taking action to prevent, correct, remedy, or cure diseases. But before each action is taken, a decision must be made as to whether an action is required and which action will benefit the patient...........................

Read More

Free Download Essential Radiologic Anatomy for the MRCS by Currie S et al

Essential Radiologic Anatomy for the MRCS by Currie S et al

This book aims to provide you with a number of key advantages before entering the exam. Firstly, you will become familiar with a range of images of differing modalities (plain film, fluoroscopy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging). Secondly, different planes of imaging are utilized, so that you will not be fazed by an unusual coronal or sagittal view. You are also provided with ‘favourite’ anatomy viva questions and concise but detailed notes. Finally, the anatomical notes are correlated with surgical scenarios enabling you to read around potential topics for clinical discussion.

.

Read More

Free Download Basic Statistics for the Behavioral by Heiman

Basic Statistics for the Behavioral by Heiman

The term statistics is often used as a shorthand for statistical procedures. These are formulas and calculations developed by statisticians that psychologists and other behavioral researchers employ when “analyzing” the results of their research. Also, some of the answers that we compute are called statistics. Why Must I Learn Statistics? Statistics are an integral part of psychology and other behavioral sciences, so statistics and statistical concepts are used every day. Therefore, to understand your chosen field of study, you must understand statistics. You’ve already experienced this if you’ve ever read a published research article you probably skipped the section titled “Results.” Now you won’t have to. What Do Researchers Do with Statistics? Statistics are tools used in research. They are needed because the behavioral sciences are based on empirical research. The word empirical means that knowledge is obtained through observation and measurement, and behavioral research measures behaviors. Such measurement results in numbers, or scores. These scores obtained in research are the data..............................................

Read More

Free Download Biostatistics and Microbiology - A Survival Manual by Paulson

Biostatistics and Microbiology - A Survival Manual by Paulson

To compete with the many books claiming to demystify statistics, to make statistics easily accessible to the “terrified,” or provide an eastern approach purporting to present statistics that do not require computation, as in the “Tao of Statistics,” is tough duty, if not utter fantasy. This book does not promise the impossible, but it will enable the reader to access and apply statistical methods that generally frustrate and intimidate the uninitiated. Statistics, like chemistry, microbiology, woodworking, or sewing, requires that the individual put some time into learning the concepts and methods. This book will present in a step-by-step manner, eliminating the greatest obstacle to the learner (not the math, by the way) applying the many processes that comprise a statistical method. Who would not be frustrated, when not only must the statistical computation be made, but an assortment of other factors, such as the α, β, and δ levels, as well as the test hypothesis, must be determined? Just reading this far, you may feel intimidated. I will counter this fear by describing early in the book a step-by-step procedure to perform a statistical method – a process that we will term “the six-step procedure.” All of the testing will be performed adhering to six welldefined steps, which will greatly simplify the statistical process. Each step in the sequence must be completed before moving on to the next step.

Read More

Free Download Biostatistics_Second Edition_A Guide to Design Analysis and Discovery by Forthofer, N.R et al

Biostatistics_Second Edition_A Guide to Design Analysis and Discovery by Forthofer, N.R et al

 Biostatistics is the application of statistical methods to the biological and life sciences. Statistical methods include procedures for (1) designing studies, (2) collecting data, (3) presenting and summarizing data, and (4) drawing inferences from sample data to a population. These methods are particularly useful in studies involving humans because the processes under investigation are often very complex. Because of this complexity, a large number of measurements on the study subjects are usually made to aid the discovery process; however, this complexity and abundance of data often mask the underlying processes. It is in these situations that the systematic methods found in statistics help create order out of the seeming chaos. These are some of the areas of application:

Read More

Free Download Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy by Thomas Engel

Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy by Thomas Engel

 Present exciting new science in the field of physical chemistry. Physical chemistry lies at the forefront of many emerging areas of modern chemical research. Recent applications of quantum behavior include band-gap engineering, quantum dots, quantum wells, teleportation, and quantum computing. Single-molecule spectroscopy has led to a deeper understanding of chemical kinetics, and heterogeneous catalysis has benefited greatly from mechanistic studies carried out using the techniques of modern surface science. Atomic scale electrochemistry has become possible through scanning tunneling microscopy. The role of physical chemistry in these and other emerging areas is highlighted throughout the text. The following figure shows direct imaging of the arrangement of the atoms in pentacene as well as imaging of a delocalized molecular orbital using scanning tunneling and atomic force miscroscopies.

Read More

Free Download Organic Synthesis-Strategy and Control by Wyatt and Warren

Organic Synthesis-Strategy and Control by Wyatt and Warren

These chemists will recognise material from our courses on The Disconnection Approach, Advanced Heterocyclic Chemistry, New Synthetic Methods and Asymmetric Synthesis. Additionally we would like to thank the participants at the SCI courses organised by the Young Chemists Panel. All these industrial chemists participated in our courses and allowed us to find the best way to explain concepts that are difficult to grasp. This book has changed greatly over the ten years it was being written as we became more informed over what was really needed. The book is intended for that very audience-final year undergraduates, graduate students and professional chemists in industry.

Read More

Free Download Organic Synthesis_ The Disconnection Approach (WB) by Wyatt, Warren

Organic Synthesis_ The Disconnection Approach (WB) by Wyatt, Warren

The Disconnection Approach' where they have stimulated discussion leading to deeper understanding. It makes sense for you to have the relevant chapter of the textbook available whi Ie you are working on the problems. We have usually devi sed new problems but some of lhe prob lems in the first edition seemed to do such a goud job that we have kept them. Usually, the answe rs are prese nted in a different and, we hope, more helpful sty le. It is not possible to learn how to design organic syntheses just from lectures 0 .. from reading a textbook. Only oy tackling problems and checking your answers against published material can you develop this skill. We should warn you that there is no single 'right answer' to a synthesis problem. Successful published syntheses give some answers that work, but you may well be able to design others that ha ve a good chance................................

Read More

Free Download Engel, Reid - Thermodynamics_ Statistical Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Engel, Reid - Thermodynamics_ Statistical Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Thermodynamics provides a description of matter on a macroscopic scale using bulk properties such as pressure, density, volume, and temperature. This chapter introduces the basic concepts employed in thermodynamics including system, surroundings, intensive and extensive variables, adiabatic and diathermal walls, equilibrium, temperature, and thermometry. The macroscopic variables pressure and temperature are also discussed in terms of a molecular level model. The usefulness of equations of state, which relate the state variables of pressure, volume, and temperature, is also discussed for real and ideal gases.

Read More

Free Download Dictionary Earth Science Oxford by Michael Allaby

Dictionary Earth Science Oxford by Michael Allaby

The new entries added in the second edition related predominantly to the expansion of planetary exploration and satellite technology. Those entries have been updated. Many of the new entries in this edition serve to expand the dictionary’s coverage of geomorphological terms. It is in the nature of dictionaries to grow longer with each revision, and I make no apology for the fact that this one conforms to that rule. Such growth is unavoidable, because the language itself is always growing, but when new terms are introduced it does not mean that older terms are discarded. Even terms that do become obsolete do so gradually, surviving for many years in established and much loved texts. The first edition was compiled with the help of many contributors and advisers, and a smaller number of contributors assisted in preparing the second edition. The value of their hard work endures, and I gladly and fully acknowledge it, for without it there would have been no dictionary to revise.

Read More

Free Download High-Yield Gross Anatomy 5th Consulta Salud by Dudek and Louis

High-Yield Gross Anatomy 5th Consulta Salud by Dudek and Louis

High-Yield Gross Anatomy addresses many of the recurring clinical themes of the USMLE Step 1. The information presented in this text prepares you to handle not only the clinical vignettes found on the USMLE Step 1, but also the questions concerning basic gross anatomy concepts. Like the USMLE Step 1, the discussions are comprehensively illustrated with a combination of drawings, MRIs, CT scans, radiographs, and cross-sectional anatomy. This edition is particularly exciting because we have included colored diagrams and figures to assist the learning process. In addition, High-Yield Gross Anatomy directly addresses clinical issues and common clinical techniques (e.g., liver biopsy, tracheostomy, and lumbar puncture) that require knowledge of basic gross anatomy to deduce the correct answer. 

Read More

Free Download Equine Reproductive Procedures by BlackWell

Equine Reproductive Procedures by BlackWell

The goal of this book, Equine Reproductive Procedures, is to provide equine professionals with practical clinical information on basic and advanced techniques in the field of equine reproduction. This book should be of assistance to veterinary students, graduate students, researchers, and equine practitioners. The book contains chapters on reproductive management, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic procedures on stallions, mares, and newborn foals. In our opinion, approximately 90% of reproductive procedures used in the horse industry are nearly identical throughout the world. However, it is the other 10% that is of major interest and may provide opportunities to expand one’s clinical repertoire.

Read More

Book Understanding Bioanalytical Chemistry-Principles and Applications by BlackWell

Book Understanding Bioanalytical Chemistry-Principles and Applications by BlackWell

Bioanalytical chemistry relies on the identification and characterization of particles and compounds, particularly those involved with life and health processes. Living matter comprises certain key elements, and in mammals the most abundant of these, representing around 97% of dry weight of humans, are: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S). However, other elements such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and chlorine (Cl), although less abundant, nevertheless play a very significant role in organ function. In addition, miniscule amounts of so-called trace elements, including iron (Fe), play vital roles, regulating biochemical pathways and biological function. By definition, biomolecules are naturally occurring chemical compounds found in living organisms that are constructed from various combinations of key chemical elements. Not surprisingly there are fundamental similarities in the way organisms use such biomolecules to perform diverse tasks such as propagating the species and genetic information, and maintaining energy production and utilization. From this it is evident that much can be learned about the functionality of life processes in higher mammals through the study of micro-organisms and single cells. Indeed, the study of yeast and bacteria allowed genetic mapping before the Human Genome Project. This chapter provides an introduction to significant biomolecules of importance in the life and health sciences, covering their major properties and basic characteristics..................

Read More

Free Download Mathematics-for-Business-Science-and-Technology by Karris (Orchard Publications)

Mathematics-for-Business-Science-and-Technology by Karris (Orchard Publications)

The gamma and beta functions. These appear in the gamma and beta distributions and find many applications in business, science, and engineering. For instance, the Erlang distributions, which are a special case of the gamma distribution, form the basis of queuing theory. Appendix D is an introduction to Markov chains. A few practical examples illustrate their application in making management decisions. Appendices E, F, and G are introductions to the Lambda Index, Black−Scholes stock options pricing, and the Altman Z−score bankruptcy prediction respectively. Every chapter and appendix in this text is supplemented with Excel and / or MATLAB scripts to verify the computations and to construct relevant plots. The pages where the Excel and MATLAB scripts appear are listed in the Table of Contents............

Read More

Free Download Solid State Chemistry and its Applications by West .A.R

Solid State Chemistry and its Applications by West .A.R

Chemistry is an evolving subject ! Traditionally, there have been three branches of chemistry: organic, physical and inorganic, with some arguments in favour of including analytical as a fourth branch. An alternative, fairly new classification (favoured by the author!) divides chemistry into two broad areas: molecular (which includes liquids and gases) and non-molecular (or solid state). The ways in which we think about, make, analyse and use molecular and non-molecular substances are completely different, as shown by a comparison of one ‘simple’ substance in each category, toluene and aluminium oxide..,...........

Read More

Free Download Anatomy Upper Limb & Thorax by Singh. V (ELSEVIER)

Anatomy Upper Limb & Thorax by Singh. V (ELSEVIER)

The upper limb is the organ of the body, responsible for manual activities. It is freely movable, especially its distal segment— the hand, which is adapted for grasping and manipulating the objects. A brief description of comparative anatomy of the limbs would facilitate understanding of their structure and function. All the terrestrial vertebrates possess four limbs—a pair of forelimbs and a pair of hindlimbs. In quadrupeds such as dogs and buffaloes, both forelimbs and hindlimbs are evolved for transmission of body weight and locomotion. In human beings, due to evolution of erect posture, the function of weight-bearing and locomotion is performed only by the hind limbs (lower limbs) while upper limbs are spared for prehensile/manipulative activities, such as grasping, holding, picking, etc...............

Read More

Free Download Chemical Fundamentals of Geology and Environmental Geoscience by Robin Gill (Wiley Desktop Editions)_Wiley Blackwell (2015)

Chemical Fundamentals of Geology and Environmental Geoscience by Robin Gill (Wiley Desktop Editions)-Wiley-Blackwell (2015)

     Chemical principles are fundamental to a large area of geological science, and the student who reads for a degree in geology without knowing any basic chemistry is handicapped from the start. This book has been written with such students in mind, but I hope it will also provide a helpful refresher course and useful background reading in ‘geo-relevant’ chemistry for all earth science students who believe in understanding rather than merely memorizing.

    The purpose of this book is to introduce the average Earth science student to chemical principles that are fundamental to the sciences of geology and environmental geoscience. There can be no more fundamental place to begin than with the topic of energy (Box 1.1), which lies at the heart of both geology and chemistry. Energy plays a role in every geological process, from the atom-by-atom growth of a mineral crystal to the elevation and subsequent erosion of entire mountain chains. Consideration of energy provides an incisive intellectual tool for analysing the workings of the complex geological world, making it possible to extract from this complexity a few simple underlying principles upon which an orderly understanding of Earth processes can be based. Many natural processes involve a flow of energy. The spontaneous melting of an ice crystal, for example.

Read More

Free Download Flexibook Color Atlas Of Biochemistry by Koolman .J and Roehm K.H

Flexibook Color Atlas Of Biochemistry by Koolman .J and Roehm K.H

Biochemistry is a dynamic, rapidly growing field, and the goal of this color atlas is to illustrate this fact visually. The precise boundaries between biochemistry and related fields, such as cell biology, anatomy, physiology, genetics, and pharmacology, are dif cult to define and, in many cases, arbitrary. This overlap is not coincidental. The object being studied is often the same—a nerve cell or a mitochondrion, for example—and only the point of view differs. For a considerable period of its history, biochemistry was strongly influenced by chemistry and concentrated on investigating metabolic conversions and energy transfers. Explaining the composition, structure, and metabolism of biologically important molecules has always been in the foreground. However, new aspects inherited from biochemistry’s other parent, the biological sciences, are now increasingly being added: the relationship between chemical structure and biological function, the pathways of information transfer, observance of the ways in which biomolecules are spatially and temporally distributed in cells and organisms, and an awareness of evolution as a biochemical process. These new aspects of biochemistry are bound to become more and more important.

Read More

Free Download Ecology - From Individuals To Ecosystems by Blackwell, 2005

 Ecology - From Individuals To Ecosystems by Blackwell, 2005

 Ecologists are concerned not only with communities, populations and organisms in nature, but also with manmade or humaninfluenced environments ( plantation forests, wheat fields, grain stores, nature reserves and so on ), and with the consequences of human influence on nature (pollution, overharvesting, global climate change). In fact, our influence is so pervasive that we would be hard pressed to find an environment that was totally unaffected by human activity. Environmental problems are now high on the political agenda and ecologists clearly have a central role to play: a sustainable future depends fundamentally on ecological understanding and our ability to predict or produce outcomes under different scenarios

Read More

Free Download CHEMISTRY A MOLECULAR by Nivaldo J.TRO

 CHEMISTRY A MOLECULAR by Nivaldo J.TRO

Understanding chemistry helps you to live life to its fullest for two basic reasons. The first is intrinsic : through an understanding of chemistry, you gain a powerful appreciation for just how rich and extraordinary the world really is. The second reason is e xtrinsic : understanding chemistry makes you a more informed citizen—it allows you to engage with many of the issues of our day. In other words, understanding chemistry makes you a deeper and richer person and makes your country and the world a better place to live. These reasons have been the foundation of education from the very beginnings of civilization. How does chemistry help prepare you for a rich life and conscientious citizenship? Let me explain with two examples. My first one comes from the very first page of Chapter 1 of this book. There, I ask the following question: What is the most important idea in all of scientific knowledge? My answer to that question is this: the behavior of matter is determined by the properties of molecules and atoms . That simple statement is the reason I love chemistry. We humans have been able to study the substances that compose the world around us and explain their behavior by reference to particles so small that they can hardly be imagined. If you have never realized the remarkable sensitivity of the world we can see to the world we cannot , you have missed out on a fundamental truth about our universe. To have never encountered this truth is like never having read a play by Shakespeare or seen a sculpture by Michelangelo—or, for that matter, like never having discovered that the world is round. It robs you of an amazing and unforgettable experience of the world and the human ability to understand it...... 

Read More

Free Download A Molecular Approach by Terry Brown

A Molecular Approach by Terry Brown

Genetics is the study of heredity, the process by which characteristics are passed from parents to offspring so that all organisms, human beings included, resemble their ancestors. The central concept of genetics is that heredity is controlled by a vast number of factors, called genes, which are physical particles present inside living cells. Genes are units of biological information. The entire complement of genes in an organism contains the total amount of information needed to construct a living, functioning example of that organism. Some genes are responsible for the visible characteristics of the organism, such as eye color in humans. Other genes are responsible for biochemical activities that are discernible only when the physiology of the organism is examined. Often, we become aware of the function of such genes only when they fail to work properly. An example is the human gene CFTR, which contains part of the biological information for transport of chloride ions into and out of cells. If the CFTR gene is defective, then chloride transport breaks down, leading to inflammation and mucus accumulation in the lungs. These are the primary symptoms of the disease called cystic fibrosis, and it was through study of the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis that the CFTR gene was first discovered. CFTR in fact stands for “cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator,” a term describing the biological information contained in this gene. Because genes are units of biological information they are also units of inheritance. During sexual reproduction, genes of the parents are incorporated into the fertilized egg cell. These genes provide the fertilized egg with the full complement of biological information that it needs in order to develop into a new living organism. This new organism therefore inherits physical and biochemical characteristics from both its parents. An understanding of genetics therefore requires an understanding of genes. The purpose of this book is to help you to acquire that understanding.

Read More